Die Observation als Mittel der Informationsgewinnung

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Die Observation ist ein wichtiges und bedeutendes Mittel in der Ermittlungsarbeit von Kommissaren, Agenten und Detektiven. Dabei werden Prozesse, Ziele der Untersuchung und Gegenstände durch den Einsatz von Geräten wie Richtmikrofon oder Kamera genaustens angesehen. Insbesondere wird versucht, durch eine qualitative Beobachtung Erkenntnisse über Zusammenhänge von Menschen und deren Interaktionen zu bekommen. Dabei gilt es, bestimmte „W“-Fragen zu beantworten. Es interessiert, wann wurde etwas durch wem an welchem Ort und was gesehen. Ebenfalls müssen Richtlinien festgelegt werden, wie die gemachten Beobachtungen schriftlich in einem Dokument festzuhalten sind.

Maßnahmen während einer Observation

ObservationZur Durchführung einer Observation werden verschiedenen Methoden verwendet. Im Bereich der Ermittlungstätigkeit wird bei einer Observation zum einen bestimmte Menschen durch Personenschützer beobachtet, begleitet und auch geschützt. Eine geheimdienstliche und ermittlungstechnische Operation versucht durch die Observation an bestimmte Geheiminformationen zu gelangen.
Im einzelnen können dabei folgende Methoden angewendet werden:

  1. Informationsermittlung durch die Verfolgung von suspekten Menschen.
  2. Befragung von Personen aus dem unmittelbaren Umfeld der Zielperson
  3. Überwachung von bestimmten Orten oder Lokalitäten
  4. Authorisierung bzw. auch Authentifizierung von Personen, die bestimmte Gebäude betreten möchten.
  5. Einsatz technischer Hilfsmittel, um Personen aus großer Entfernung beobachten zu können. Dieses können zum Beispiel Richtmikrofone sein.

Rechtliche Einschränkungen beim Zielpersonen beschatten

Die Beschattung von Zielpersonen unterliegt strengen Gesetzen. In der StPO etwas werden genaue Vorgaben gemacht, wie und wann eine Überwachung von Personen durch Behörden überhaupt erlaubt ist. Der Einsatz von GPS-Ortungsgeräten ist in der Regel strafbar (vgl. http://sicherheitswiki.org/wiki/Observation#Verwendung_von_GPS_Sender_und_Ortungstechnik).

Probleme bei einer Beschattung von Personen

So kann passieren, dass eine Verwechselung der Zielperson passiert. Einhergehend damit können auch die gewonnenen Informationen eine zu geringe Qualität aufweisen oder in einem falschen Kontext zueinander gebracht werden. Dieses würde dann zu falschen Schlussfolgerungen führen. Ein Ermittler kann entdeckt werden und muss seine Beobachtung abbrechen bzw. sich durch einen neuen Ermittler ersetzen lassen. Eine Überwachung ist auch mit einem großen Aufwand verbunden. Weitere Informationen zur Observation finden Sie unter diesem Link.

3.900 thoughts on “Die Observation als Mittel der Informationsgewinnung”

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